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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
Time: 4:02 am
Time: 4:02 am
Results for waste trafficking
2 results foundAuthor: Appelqvist, Bjorn Title: Waste Trafficking, Challenges and Actions to be Taken Summary: Illegal export of waste is known as waste trafficking and when committed, it has a large negative impact on sustainable resource management and recycling efficiency as well as on the environment and on human health. Furthermore, exporting waste for unsound and unacceptable treatment abroad instead of complying with the regulations creates an uneven playing field that impairs sound market mechanisms. In order to secure sound and environmentally friendly waste handling globally, legislation such the Basel Convention and the European Waste Shipments Regulation have been introduced. Despite the regulations in place, large amounts of waste are unlawfully exported from OECD countries to transition and developing countries, such as China, other Asian and West African countries. The illegal trade in waste is estimated at a value of between US$ 10 and $ 12 billion annually and generates very high revenues to the criminal actors involved in the trade. The enforcement of waste trafficking is organisationally complex and most enforcement activities today are reactive in nature and rely on the cooperation between environmental agencies, customs and police networks in a number of countries. The lack of proper coordination and allocation of resources between different national authorities are the main bottlenecks to effective and efficient enforcement of the regulations on trans-frontier shipments of waste. Furthermore, effective collection, use and exchange of information and intelligence are essential for better and more effective enforcement, but delivering the intelligence material needed constitutes a large challenge since it demands transnational and cross-organisational cooperation. Ideally, in the long term, the most profound way of reducing the risks related to waste trafficking is to simultaneously reduce the probability of improper handling of the wastes and ensure financially and environmentally sound resource utilization in the receiving countries. However, such capacity building is time consuming and in the meantime the responsibility for securing sound and environmentally friendly waste handling and for preventing waste trafficking must be laid upon the exporting countries in co-operation with the relevant international bodies. The successful approach to achieving this task is to simultaneously pursue two parallel lines of activities believed to reduce the occurrence as well as the effects of waste trafficking activities; making it easier do right and, at the same time making it harder to do wrong. Details: Copenhagen, Denmark: City of Copenhagen, Waste Management Department and ISWA Task Force on Globalisation and Waste Management, Denmark. Unknown Date. 8p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 19, 2019 at: Copy available at Rutgers-Newark Criminal Justice Library. Year: 0 Country: International URL: Shelf Number: 156501 Keywords: Environmental Crime Illegal Dumping Offenses Against the Environment Pollution Waste Crime Waste Management Waste Trafficking |
Author: Germani, Anna Rita Title: Illegal Trafficking and Unsustainable Waste Management in Italy: Evidence at Regional Level Summary: The presence of organized crime strongly affects sustainable waste management in Italy. In particular, illegal trafficking of waste has become one of the fastest growing areas of crime and one of the most lucrative industries among organized criminal activities, which has now infiltrated both the Italian urban and hazardous waste management cycle. In this study, we aim to investigate the determinants of the illegal trafficking of waste using waste, economic, and enforcement data in a panel analysis over the period 2002-2013. The topic is particularly relevant, given the high heterogeneity across Italian regions which also relates, and eventually leads, to different environmental performances. Our main findings reveal that, in most Italian regions, enforcement activities do not exert a significant deterrence on criminal behaviors; a negative relationship between enforcement and illegal trafficking of waste can be identified only for very high levels of enforcement efforts. Moreover, we find that the major determinants influencing the rate of illegal trafficking of waste differ between northern-central and southern regions, confirming the existence of a regional dualism. In particular, while in the northern-central area the crime rate is positively related to the level of education and negatively to the adoption of environmentally sound policies, in southern regions the organized activities for illegal trafficking are negatively related to the degree of education attainment and positively to the endowment of waste management plants. Details: Rome: Italian Society of Law and Economics Conference, 2014. 28p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed June 19, 2019 at: http://www.siecon.org/online/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/Germani.pdf Year: 2014 Country: Italy URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/274963823_Illegal_trafficking_and_unsustainable_waste_management_in_Italy_Evidence_at_the_regional_level Shelf Number: 156502 Keywords: Environmental Crime Hazardous Waste Illegal Trafficking of Waste Organized Crime Waste Management Waste Trafficking |